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Volume 4

The Total Ionizing Dose Handbook

Mastering CMOS Hardening for Extreme Radiation Environments

In the silent vacuum of space, an invisible enemy is slowly dismantling your electronics.

Strategic Objectives

• Understand the physics of hole trapping and interface state generation.

• Master layout techniques like Enclosed Layout Transistors (ELT) to mitigate leakage.

• Learn to predict long-term device life cycles in high-radiation orbits.

• Implement robust circuit-level strategies to compensate for parameter shifts.

The Core Challenge

Total Ionizing Dose (TID) causes cumulative, permanent degradation in CMOS oxides, shifting threshold voltages until mission-critical systems fail.

01

Foundations of Radiation Environments

02

The Physics of TID

03

CMOS Architecture Basics

04

Hole Trapping and Transport

05

Threshold Voltage Instability

06

Interface State Generation

07

Leakage Current Pathways

08

Annealing and Recovery

09

The ELARD Phenomenon

10

Hardening by Process

11

Hardening by Design (HBD)

12

Isolation Technologies

13

SOI vs. Bulk CMOS

14

Analog and Mixed-Signal Challenges

15

Memory Systems and TID

16

Dosimetry and Measurement

17

Testing Standards

18

Modeling and Simulation

19

The Van Allen Belts

20

Deep Space and Nuclear Applications

21

The Future of Hardened CMOS

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